Reframing the Teenage Wasteland
نویسندگان
چکیده
Human adolescence is arguably one of the most challenging periods of development. The young adult is exposed to a variety of stressors and environmental stimuli on a backdrop of significant physiological change and development, which is especially apparent in the brain. It is therefore unsurprising that many psychiatric disorders are first observable during this time. The human intestine is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms, and evidence from both preclinical and clinical research focusing on the established microbiota-gut-brain axis suggests that the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders may be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis. Provocatively, many if not all of the challenges faced by the developing teen have a documented impact on these intestinal commensal microbiota. In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about the developing adolescent brain and intestinal microbiota, discuss recent research investigating the microbiota-gut-brain axis during puberty, and propose that preand probiotics may prove useful in both the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders specifically benefitting the young adult. Abrégé L’adolescence humaine est sans aucun doute l’une des périodes les plus difficiles du développement. Le jeune adulte est exposé à une variété de stresseurs et de stimuli environnementaux dans un contexte de changement et de développement physiologique significatif, qui est spécialement apparent dans le cerveau. Il n’est donc pas étonnant que nombre de troubles psychiatriques sont d’abord observables à cette période. L’intestin humain est habité de mille milliards de microorganismes, et des données probantes d’études cliniques et précliniques portant sur l’axe établi microbiote-intestin-cerveau suggèrent que l’étiologie et la pathophysiologie des troubles psychiatriques peuvent être influencées par la dysbiose intestinale. Disons audacieusement que les nombreuses sinon toutes les difficultés avec lesquelles l’adolescent en développement est aux prises ont un impact documenté sur ces microbiotes intestinaux commensaux. Dans cette revue, nous résumons brièvement ce qui est connu du cerveau en développement de l’adolescent et des microbiotes intestinaux, nous discutons de la recherche récente sur l’axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau durant la puberté, et nous proposons que les pré-biotiques et les pro-biotiques peuvent se révéler utiles dans la prévention et le traitement des troubles psychiatriques qui touchent spécifiquement le jeune adulte.
منابع مشابه
The curse of the teenage learner
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